{"id":11210,"date":"2024-07-01T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T22:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/?p=11210"},"modified":"2024-06-29T07:09:27","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T21:09:27","slug":"a-practical-way-to-resolve-papua-new-guineas-electricity-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/a-practical-way-to-resolve-papua-new-guineas-electricity-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"A practical way to resolve Papua New Guinea\u2019s electricity crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

SEAN JACOBS<\/a>  | Part 2 of 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The IMF\u2019s return<\/a> to PNG is an opportunity to revisit the status of PNG\u2019s State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) \u2013 a focus<\/a> of previous IMF recommendations that triggered 2001 student protests, ultimately causing the IMF\u2019s physical departure from PNG. \u201cSOEs in PNG continue to dominate critical public utilities,\u201d notes<\/a> the US State Department\u2019s most recent PNG investment summary, \u201cranging from electricity, water and sewerage, transport, and telecommunications.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These enterprises each have unique challenges, yet of highest concern is PNG\u2019s electricity sector, which requires desperate reform. Only 13 percent of PNG\u2019s population have access to electricity \u2013 one of the lowest<\/a> rates in the Pacific. \u201cLack of access to affordable, reliable power limits economic growth in urban areas,\u201d notes<\/a> the Asian Development Bank (ADB), \u201cconstrains growth in smaller urban centres and contributes to poverty in rural areas.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PNG Power Limited (PPL) \u2013 the Government\u2019s power utility company \u2013 manages<\/a> generation, transmission and distribution of three main grids and 19 further mini-grids across PNG. The mini-grids, in particular, are powered solely by diesel, which not only has emissions but cost volatility repercussions, while PNG\u2019s sparse and difficult terrain make provincial energy delivery extremely challenging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PPL appears constrained in four ways. First, it is \u201ccash-strapped,\u201d according to one<\/a> recent analysis, \u201cand therefore unable to meet the investment needs pertaining to grid-based national electrification.\u201d This is despite presiding over some of the highest<\/a> household electricity prices in the world. PNG\u2019s national target<\/a> is 70 percent accessibility by 2030 \u2013 a goal only six years away. This, frankly, now appears out of reach after \u201chaving so far failed to have any impact,\u201d in the words<\/a> of former PPL Managing Director Carolyn Blacklock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second, PPL is politically constrained. The PNG Government itself consistently<\/a> owes PPL unpaid bill payments, with the most recent<\/a> being K78 million in arrears across a number of departments, including even PNG\u2019s Department of Finance and Treasury, itself owing K5.4 million. Unpaid arrears obviously disrupt a commercial return and delivery, with PPL last year warning<\/a> that over 200,000 customers would lose access to electricity if these bills went unpaid. Compounding this issue is electricity theft, amounting<\/a> to PGK 25 million (about USD 7 million) per month \u2013 another source of much-needed lost revenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Third, PPL is constrained by pricing. Capital assets need to be serviced and maintained. This is usually achieved through an energy tariff, which PPL has been unable to adjust since 2013 \u201cbecause of political interventions,\u201d according<\/a> to the ADB. Yet the network suffers \u201cdecades of under-investment,\u201d notes<\/a> Blacklock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fourth, PPL \u2013 like most other SOE sectors \u2013 suffers from shortfalls in coordination, leadership and management. A series of revolving CEOs, a \u201cmilitant union\u201d and sluggish reform progress have characterised<\/a> the company\u2019s internal politics in recent years. Its Board, although independent on paper, remains ultimately at the functional behest<\/a> of PNG\u2019s Cabinet via Kumul Consolidated Holdings, reducing company autonomy and creating unwanted space for political considerations to edge out commercial goals. \u201cPNG\u2019s SOEs generally lack transparency, accountability, autonomy,\u201d to again quote<\/a> the US State Department, \u201cand a robust legal framework that requires the SOEs to operate as viable commercial entities.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the solution? Privatisation is clearly the most optimal way forward for PNG\u2019s grossly underperforming power sector. Greater privatisation of PNG\u2019s SOEs would drive pressure from shareholders and other equity providers for improved performance \u2013 an observation<\/a> made by an Australian Agency for International Development author as far back as 1996. In turn, a commercial focus would prompt greater customer responsive behaviour (e.g. in response to rolling blackouts), connecting more people and businesses to grids, generating a more reliable and sustainable energy supply and upgrading transmission networks as needed. All such outcomes are hampered without greater forms of privatisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One practical way forward \u2013 according to a recent<\/a> PNG National Research Institute paper \u2013 is to enhance the number of Independent Power Providers (IPPs) in the PNG electricity sector. These \u201care private entities,\u201d note its authors, \u201cwhich own and or operate electricity generation facilities and sell electricity to a utility, central government buyer and end users depending on the underlying business models.\u201d PNG currently has only seven IPPs, which all struggle with revenue security. However, this could be mitigated by creating stronger regulatory institutions and frameworks, the authors note, to ensure greater revenue security and cost recovery outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To take this a step further, one additional practical step may be to actually \u2018call in\u2019 the IPPs and other established IPPs through a market sounding mechanism to help co-design a regulatory framework and a realistic IPP prospectus for endorsement. All forms of electricity generation should be on the table, with ideology on the best form to be put aside. Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology, for example, is not supported<\/a> in Australia, yet its proliferation<\/a> in other parts of the world may offer a timely solution to PNG, especially amid its fragmented electricity networks and geographic terrain, and the limited viability<\/a> of solar and under-exploration<\/a> of geothermal. An end state \u2013 indeed an optimistic overall outcome \u2013 could be a future where PNG\u2019s 19 mini-grids are operating through IPP arrangements, delivering a reliable and affordable power supply to businesses and everyday Papua New Guineans to alleviate the effects of energy poverty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both steps above, of course, need to be supplemented by political will \u2013 a point consistently made<\/a> by development experts. However, this consideration could also feature in the design process and, for example, may include political incentivisation measures for Members of Parliament to consolidate and expand electricity security \u2013 through measures such as district-controlled MP funds \u2013 yet minus the political interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, another underacknowledged area of reform to PNG\u2019s power sector is the desperate need for human capital \u2013 simply having Papua New Guineans with the appropriate engineering and other skills in generation, transmission, distribution and power system management. As one former PPL employee noted<\/a> in PNG\u2019s The National<\/em>, the nation\u2019s \u201ccurrent power supply woes\u2026 can be attributed to lack of proper human resources development and supervision.\u201d \u201cMost of the blackouts,\u201d they add, are \u201ca result of lack of this specialised knowledge in power system management.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although this may be a matter for PPLs to address if they are successful in penetrating the PNG market, it will also depend on a broader PNG-wide commitment to skills training and human capital \u2013 a point that I address in my third piece, “Resolving Papua New Guinea\u2019s human capital deficit with more than just funding”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

AUTHOR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sean Jacobs<\/em><\/strong> is a Papua New Guinean-born Brisbane-based writer,<\/a> government relations and public policy specialist, and Industry Fellow at the Griffith Asia Institute<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SEAN JACOBS  | Part 2 of 3 The IMF\u2019s return to PNG is an opportunity to revisit the status of PNG\u2019s State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) \u2013 a focus of previous IMF recommendations that triggered 2001 student protests, ultimately causing the IMF\u2019s physical departure from PNG. \u201cSOEs in PNG continue to dominate critical public utilities,\u201d notes theContinue reading “A practical way to resolve Papua New Guinea\u2019s electricity crisis”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":11211,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1170,2065,2153,1755,1756,2161,1728,2162],"tags":[615,2225,2039,2055,970,1566,969,1050,935,382,2227,1747],"class_list":["post-11210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","category-inclusive-growth-and-rural-development","category-pacific-outlook-feature-series","category-governance-democracy","category-livelihoods-culture","category-sdg7","category-sdg8","category-sdg9","tag-economy","tag-foreign-exchange","tag-imf","tag-international-monetary-fund","tag-james-marape","tag-marape","tag-pacific-islands","tag-pacific-outlook","tag-papua-new-guinea","tag-png","tag-png-power","tag-sean-jacobs"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Jill Moriarty","yoast_head":"\nA practical way to resolve Papua New Guinea\u2019s electricity crisis | Griffith Asia Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SEAN JACOBS  | Part 2 of 3 The IMF\u2019s return to PNG is an opportunity to revisit the status of PNG\u2019s State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) \u2013 a focus of With only 13% of the population having access to power, Sean Jacobs explores the urgent need for reforms in PNG Power Limited and how privatisation and Independent Power Providers (IPPs) could transform the sector. 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