{"id":3664,"date":"2017-10-10T08:30:09","date_gmt":"2017-10-09T22:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/?p=3664"},"modified":"2023-08-08T10:39:55","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T00:39:55","slug":"comparing-development-indicators-revisiting-the-sen-dreze-thesis-of-indias-uncertain-glory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/comparing-development-indicators-revisiting-the-sen-dreze-thesis-of-indias-uncertain-glory\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparing development indicators: Revisiting the Sen-Dreze thesis of India\u2019s \u2018uncertain glory\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/tag\/yan-islam\">YAN ISLAM<\/a> |<\/p>\n<p>In 2013, Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen and his co-author Jean Dreze published their treatise\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/titles\/10175.html\">on India\u2019s \u2018uncertain glory\u2019.<\/a>\u00a0They acknowledged that the \u2018\u2026picture of a new and dramatically changed India is both accurate and important\u2019. Yet, they are keen to ensure that one is not seduced by the \u2018\u2026increasingly used rhetoric which suggests that India is well on its way to becoming an economic power\u2019. This, they claim, \u2018\u2026is far from the real picture\u2019. They then proceed to devote a section of their book in documenting \u2018India\u2019s decline in South Asia\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Well, where does one begin? The authors believe that \u2018\u2026the comparison between Bangladesh and India is a good place to start\u2019. There is a certain irony in making such a comparison because of the nature of the Bangladesh-India relationship. As\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/southasia\/2012\/07\/04\/love-hate-relationship-why-bilateral-tensions-persist-between-india-and-bangladesh\/\">London School of Economics Professor David Lewis<\/a>\u00a0puts it:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2018Since the Liberation War of 1971, when India\u2019s intervention made Bangladesh\u2019s secession from Pakistan possible, relations have been characterised by periodic tension and distrust. Bangladeshis have developed something of a love-hate relationship with India: grateful for its support in 1971 and mindful of a common culture and shared history, but resentful of the ways that India throws its weight around as the regional superpower.\u2019<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Sen and Dreze note that, although in terms of per capita income, India is significantly richer than Bangladesh, \u2018\u2026(it) has\u00a0<em>overtaken <\/em>India in terms of a wide range of basic social indicators\u2019 (italics in original). For example, in 1990, India\u2019s per capita GDP (in purchasing power parity terms) was 1.3 times that of Bangladesh. By 2010 that gap has widen to 1.6.<\/p>\n<p>Has the Sen-Dreze thesis withstood the test of time? Has the really rapid growth of the mid-2000s in India reversed its unflattering comparison with Bangladesh? Sen and Dreze derive their conclusions by drawing on data from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/world-development-indicators\">World Bank\u2019s \u2018world development indicators\u2019.\u00a0<\/a>Their latest data is of 2011 vintage. I use information from the latest available year (2016). \u00a0To start with, the income gap persists, with India\u2019s per capita now 1.7 times higher than Bangladesh. Yet, it still remains true that Bangladesh does better than India in terms of a broad array of social indictors as recorded in 2016. Indian life expectancy was recorded as 68 years, while in Bangladesh, it turned out to be 72 years. Infant mortality (in terms of 1000 live births) was 38 in Bangladesh vis-\u00e0-vis 48 in India. Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of the population) was 61 in Bangladesh, while it was a strikingly low 40 in India.<\/p>\n<p>There is one specific indicator of lack of sanitation facilities that has attracted attention in recent years and has been the source of much anguish and embarrassment in India. This pertains to the act of \u2018open defecation\u2019 where men and women, both and young old, respond to the call of nature in open spaces. It is well known that open defecation poses a major public health risk. India has the unenviable distinction of being way behind Bangladesh in this regard.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/24099\/open-defecation-ends-in-bangladesh-almost\/\">While the latter is poised to eliminate open defecation entirely \u00a0\u2013 an achievement that has occurred within the space of ten years \u2013 more than 500 million (or about 38 per cent of the population) still engages in open defecation in India.\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0Not surprisingly,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/data\/What-numbers-tell-us-about-Open-Defecation-in-India\/article15422326.ece\">eliminating open defecation by 2019,<\/a>\u00a0the year that coincides with the 150th anniversary of Gandhi\u2019s birth, is one of the primary goals of the current government\u2019s\u00a0<em>Swachh Bharat Abhiyan movement<\/em>\u00a0in India. The latter, it seems, has a lot to learn from Bangladesh in this particular sphere of public health, so claims both a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/economist-explains\/2017\/09\/economist-explains-7\">leading global periodical<\/a>\u00a0and a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/How-Bangladesh-almost-eradicated-open-defecation\/article14492685.ece\">leading Indian daily.<\/a>The Sen-Dreze thesis of India\u2019s \u2018uncertain glory\u2019 appears to be vindicated, at least in terms of an aspiring economic power being a laggard in terms of social indicators, despite rapid growth and rising income. Certainly,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.publicaffairsbooks.com\/book\/why-growth-matters\/jagdish-bhagwati\/9781610392723\">\u2018growth matters\u2019,<\/a>\u00a0but it is not the only thing that matters.<\/p>\n<p>This article was written by Griffith Asia Institute Adjunct Professor \u00a0Iyanatul (Yan) Islam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>YAN ISLAM | In 2013, Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen and his co-author Jean Dreze published their treatise\u00a0on India\u2019s \u2018uncertain glory\u2019.\u00a0They acknowledged that the \u2018\u2026picture of a new and dramatically changed India is both accurate and important\u2019. Yet, they are keen to ensure that one is not seduced by the \u2018\u2026increasingly used rhetoric which suggests that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":3667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[233,246],"tags":[512,1320],"class_list":["post-3664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature-series","category-india-and-south-asia","tag-india","tag-yan-islam"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Jill Moriarty","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Comparing development indicators: Revisiting the Sen-Dreze thesis of India\u2019s \u2018uncertain glory\u2019 | Griffith Asia 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