{"id":4726,"date":"2018-08-22T08:30:14","date_gmt":"2018-08-21T22:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/?p=4726"},"modified":"2023-08-08T10:08:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T00:08:03","slug":"india-as-a-case-of-the-billionaire-raj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/india-as-a-case-of-the-billionaire-raj\/","title":{"rendered":"India as a case of the \u2018Billionaire Raj\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

YAN ISLAM<\/a> |<\/p>\n

James Crabtree, formerly Mumbai bureau chief of the Financial Times<\/em>, and currently holding a professorial position at the National University of Singapore, has recently released a much-noted book on the phenomenon of the \u2018Billionaire Raj\u2019 in India<\/a>. There were only two billionaires in India in the mid-1990s, but now there are more than 100. This is the fastest growth, the author claims, in the size of the super-rich anywhere in the world. Crabtree regards them as today\u2019s \u2018bollygarchs\u2019<\/a> \u2013 a nomenclature that represents a fusion between \u2018Bollywood\u2019 and oligarchy. \u2018Antillia\u2019<\/a> \u2013 the billion dollar plus private home of India\u2019s richest man \u2013 Mukesh Ambani – represents the contentious icon of the Billionaire Raj. This is a far cry from the past when India was under the aegis of Nehruvian socialism. It was then a poor and relatively egalitarian society. Today, it is a lower middle income country that has enjoyed rapid growth for decades, but has also witnessed a sharp increase in inequality.<\/p>\n

Branko Milanovic, one of the leading scholars of global inequality, argues that India represents a paradox.<\/a> One the one hand, rapid growth over decades has enabled India to gradually converge towards the income levels of the richer parts of the world and, given its size, has played an important role in contributing to the reduction in income gaps between rich and poor countries. On the other hand, the rise in intra-country inequality that could be readily documented after income distribution data became available in 2004 has caused considerable anguish among analysts of Indian political economy.<\/p>\n

Crabtree\u2019s thesis of the Billionaire Raj has been explored by others quite extensively in recent years.\u00a0 Thomas Picketty, famous for his work on Capital in the 21st<\/sup> century<\/a><\/em>, and his co-author Lucas Lancel also document India\u2019s transformation from the British Raj to the Billionaire Raj.<\/a> The 2018 World Inequality Report<\/a><\/em> that Picketty coordinates with others classifies India as part of the \u2018extreme inequality frontier\u2019. This is defined as a situation where the top 10% own more than 50% of national income. Other countries\/regions that belong to this extreme inequality frontier include Sub-Saharan Africa, Brazil and the Middle East \u2013 see figure 1.<\/p>\n

Figure 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Source: World Inequality Report 2018, Executive Summary, p.5.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Crabtree \u2013relying heavily on personal interviews with representatives of the super-rich \u2013 consider the emergence of the Billionaire Raj as the product of crony capitalism \u2013 where great wealth among a few were created through political connections. Despite this, he is hopeful that India might be able to forge a more progressive future of inclusive growth.\u00a0 Some reviewers of Crabtree\u2019s work consider this as na\u00efve optimism<\/a>. The work of Lydia Assouad et al<\/em><\/a> seem to support this contention. They conclude that \u2018extreme inequality in India derives directly from the caste system that institutionalized socio-economic, legal and political disparities among citizens\u2019. These historically entrenched sources of inequality were exacerbated as a generation of policy-makers progressively engaged in deregulation, privatization and global economic integration. These initiatives have produced mixed blessings: rapid growth, significant reductions in extreme poverty but also the rise of extreme inequality.<\/p>\n

AUTHOR<\/div>\n

Iyanatul Islam<\/strong> is an\u00a0Adjunct Professor at the Griffith Asia Institute and former Branch Chief, ILO, Geneva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

YAN ISLAM | James Crabtree, formerly Mumbai bureau chief of the Financial Times, and currently holding a professorial position at the National University of Singapore, has recently released a much-noted book on the phenomenon of the \u2018Billionaire Raj\u2019 in India. There were only two billionaires in India in the mid-1990s, but now there are more […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":4729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[233,246],"tags":[823,822,512,1320],"class_list":["post-4726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature-series","category-india-and-south-asia","tag-billionaire-raj","tag-economic-inequality","tag-india","tag-yan-islam"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Jill Moriarty","yoast_head":"\nIndia as a case of the \u2018Billionaire Raj\u2019 | Griffith 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The Canadian media began speculating about India\u2019s possible involvement soon after Nijjar\u2019s murder, prompted by\u00a0leaks\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Region | India and South Asia"","block_context":{"text":"Region | India and South Asia","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/category\/india-and-south-asia\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Activists from the United Hindu Front shout slogans during a protest against Canadian PM Justin Trudeau in New Delhi, India","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/india-canada.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/india-canada.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/india-canada.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/india-canada.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5352,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/regional-wrap-21\/","url_meta":{"origin":4726,"position":2},"title":"Regional wrap","author":"Jill Moriarty","date":"14 February 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"The last fortnight was an especially busy one for the Indo-Pacific region\u2019s policymakers. The US withdrawal from the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with Russia delivered a big blow to international non-nuclear proliferation efforts. President Donald Trump accuses Russia of violating the terms of the agreement which has been an\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Feature series"","block_context":{"text":"Feature series","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/category\/publication\/feature-series\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Griffith Asia Institute - Regional Wrap 54","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9597,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/griffith-asia-institute-hosts-australia-india-japan-trilateral\/","url_meta":{"origin":4726,"position":3},"title":"Griffith Asia Institute hosts Australia-India-Japan Trilateral","author":"Griffith Asia Institute","date":"9 February 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"IAN HALL | On Friday 10 February 2023, GAI will host an Australia-India-Japan Trilateral conference, the latest in a series that started in 2017. These Track II dialogues bring scholars and analysts from universities and think tanks to Brisbane to discuss issues of mutual interest and concern to all three\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Events"","block_context":{"text":"Events","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/category\/events\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/trilateral-blog.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/trilateral-blog.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/trilateral-blog.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/trilateral-blog.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7799,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/regional-wrap-56\/","url_meta":{"origin":4726,"position":4},"title":"Regional wrap | 56","author":"Griffith Asia Institute","date":"13 August 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"The Griffith Asia Institute, fortnightly Regional wrap with Aakriti Bachhawat. One of the most important, and yet subtle developments this fortnight was a shift in Australia\u2019s position on the ongoing border tensions between India and China.","rel":"","context":"In "Commentary"","block_context":{"text":"Commentary","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/category\/publication\/commentary\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Griffith Asia Institute - Regional Wrap 54","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/02\/REGIONAL-WRAP-900.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5658,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/trump-modi-and-their-religious-right\/","url_meta":{"origin":4726,"position":5},"title":"Trump, Modi and their Religious Right","author":"Griffith Asia Institute","date":"5 April 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"IAN HALL | Much divides Donald J Trump and Narendra Modi, but there are similarities between the two leaders and their politics beyond their shared fondness for Twitter. 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