{"id":7188,"date":"2020-04-23T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/?p=7188"},"modified":"2020-04-23T17:21:52","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T07:21:52","slug":"regional-wrap-48","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/regional-wrap-48\/","title":{"rendered":"Regional wrap"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The past fortnight may be best described as a roller-coaster\nand not in a fun way, if I might add. The biggest development this fortnight\nwas the US decision to withdraw funding from the World Health Organization, and\nin its wake, an emerging wider challenge to multilateralism in the\ninternational system. US President Donald Trump announced his decision to suspend\nfunding to the WHO for its failure to warn the world about the pandemic and for\nparroting Beijing\u2019s line on the extent and rate of infection. Although\nAustralia has ruled out following the US example on this matter (despite\ngrowing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/politics\/federal\/coalition-mps-call-for-review-of-australia-s-who-funding-20200415-p54jzb.html\">calls<\/a>\nfrom some parliamentarians to review Australian funding to the WHO), Canberra is\nnow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/politics\/federal\/australia-to-use-coronavirus-suppression-to-push-diplomatic-weight-20200420-p54lfy.html\">focused<\/a>\non seeking to reform the world health body, including its relationship with\nBeijing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, the Australian government has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/politics\/federal\/australia-to-use-coronavirus-suppression-to-push-diplomatic-weight-20200420-p54lfy.html\">called<\/a>\nfor an independent investigation led by the United Nations to look into the\nglobal response to the pandemic, including an assessment of its origins and\nhandling by China and the WHO. In an interview this week, Australian Foreign\nMinister Marise Payne urged China to come out clean and allow the investigation\nto be completed with full transparency. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earlier this fortnight, Australia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/nation\/politics\/coronavirus-scott-morrison-pressures-who-as-china-reopens-wet-markets\/news-story\/f9e7034b4893bbfe72fc949481775d85\">urged<\/a>\nthe WHO to reconsider its backing of China\u2019s decision to re-open its wet\nmarkets, even in the face of evidence that the current crisis began in one such\nwet market in Wuhan. China has lashed out at Australia, in return, accusing it\nof following the US lead on stigmatising Beijing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-04-22\/morrison-to-push-for-anti-pandemic-inspection-powers\/12173806\">proposed<\/a>\nthe creation of an international coalition to give the WHO (or another\norganisation) powers equal to that of weapons inspectors to prevent another\npandemic. Morrison has spoken to several leaders, including Trump this week, to\ndiscuss the working of the WHO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moving on, tensions between the US and China in the South\nChina Sea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/21\/world\/asia\/coronavirus-south-china-sea-warships.html\">are\nescalating<\/a>. The latest salvo comes in the form of the US sending two of its\nwarships to the waters off the coast of Malaysia, where a Chinese ship has been\ntailing a Malaysian state oil company ship for a few days. An Australian\nfrigate, HMAS Parramatta, is also accompanying the American ships, as part of a\nregular deployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This comes on the heels of the Chinese government\u2019s decision,\nlast weekend, to set up two new administrative units under \u2018Sansha city\u2019 in the\nSouth China Sea, which includes an area of 2 million square kilometres and 200\nsmall features. Ankit Panda <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/04\/making-sense-of-chinas-latest-bid-to-administer-sovereignty-in-the-south-china-sea\/\">notes<\/a>\nthat \u2018these steps fit into an old pattern of China using its domestic\ninstitutions and legal frameworks to pursue its claims in the South China Sea.\u2019\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-04-20\/vietnam-protests-beijings-expansion-in-disputed-south-china-sea\/12165646\">Vietnam<\/a>\nand the Philippines have raised objections to these moves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earlier this fortnight, Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning\nand its battle group <a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2020\/04\/13\/china-sends-aircraft-carrier-near-japan-taiwan-us-navy-struggles-coronavirus.html\">sailed<\/a>\nthrough the strait midway between Japanese islands of Okinawa and Miyako, and ventured\nclose to Taiwan. Experts <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/04\/chinas-worrying-military-exercises-near-taiwan\/\">say<\/a>\nthat Chinese navy is taking advantage of the absence of US aircraft carriers\nfrom the region due to the pandemic. Related or not, but this came after Japanese\nPrime Minister Shinzo Abe and Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-Wen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taiwannews.com.tw\/en\/news\/3912567\">publicly expressed<\/a>\nsolidarity and support to each other to overcome this period of crisis in early\nApril. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian government has tightened its scrutiny over\nforeign investments into the country to <a href=\"https:\/\/dipp.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/pn3_2020.pdf\">prevent<\/a>\n\u2018opportunistic takeovers\/acquisitions of Indian companies due to the current\nCOVID-19 pandemic\u2019, after the People\u2019s Bank of China <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/business\/story\/alarmed-by-chinese-bank-raising-stake-in-hdfc-centre-revises-fdi-policy-1668407-2020-04-18\">raised<\/a>\nits stake in a major Indian bank last week. The changes mean that any country\nsharing a \u2018land border\u2019 with India, which is looking to invest into the country,\ncan do so only under government oversight. Thus, India has effectively curbed\nthe prospect of Chinese firms acting predatorily to gain a footing in the\nIndian economy. This follows <a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/economy\/policy\/countries-take-steps-to-forge-a-common-position-against-beijings-economic-might\/articleshow\/75239699.cms\">similar\nsteps<\/a> taken by governments across the world, including Australia, to shield\ntheir countries, and reflects the distrust most countries harbour vis-\u00e0-vis\nChina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beijing, in turn, has slammed the Indian government\u2019s move,\ncalling it a violation of the World Trade Organization\u2019s rules and has asked\nNew Delhi to reverse this decision. As I wrote in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.org.au\/chinas-covid-19-charm-offensive-isnt-fooling-india\/?fbclid=IwAR3j1YFXsH9C1-4dzqZ0YCZO4FIb9-uu8apyjT6BBGNz9KmdfadVY0jeeF0\"><em>The\nStrategist<\/em><\/a> recently, India will continue to act in its self-interest\nand not shy away from taking tough decisions to protect its sovereignty, even\nat the risk of upsetting Beijing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking of distrust, many countries have begun seeking to\nmove their manufacturing out of China- Japan became the first nation to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-04-08\/japan-to-fund-firms-to-shift-production-out-of-china\">begin\npaying<\/a> its companies to do so this fortnight. It\u2019s being reported that many\nof these firms are looking to diversify their manufacturing bases and see\nSoutheast Asia and India as good alternatives to China. In a related\ndevelopment, the Chinese economy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/business\/the-economy\/china-posts-first-gdp-decline-on-record-as-coronavirus-cripples-economy-20200417-p54ksu.html\">recorded<\/a>\na decline for the first time in three decades due to the coronavirus\nrestrictions- China\u2019s Gross Domestic Product fell 6.8% in the last quarter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Social media has increasingly become a key battleground for\nideas, narratives and in some cases, propaganda. This fortnight <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aseantoday.com\/2020\/04\/not-chinas-cup-of-tea-how-beijing-let-asias-new-milk-tea-alliance-get-away\/\">witnessed<\/a>\nthe emergence of what\u2019s being called the \u2018milk-tea alliance\u2019 or pro-democracy\nvoices in Thailand, Hong Kong and Taiwan, who battled Chinese internet trolls\nonline in what turned out to be a full fledged social media war between\nsupporters of democracy versus authoritarianism. As an observer notes, the\n#nnevy war \u2018represent(s) a ground-up, popular moment of international\nsolidarity between pro-democracy groups in the region and\u2026signal(s) the\npossibility of dialogue and sharing of ideas between pro-democracy movements\nthat often struggle to gain ground\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Closer to home, Canberra and Jakarta <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/world\/canberra-condescending-over-withdrawal-of-ambassador-to-indonesia\/news-story\/282edc6f297cead2c78197fdfa07cf93\">found<\/a>\nthemselves in a bit of a tight spot this fortnight after Australian ambassador\nto Indonesia, Gary Quinlan, returned home due to underlying health problems, in\nthe wake of Covid-19. Jakarta has expressed unhappiness over the \u2018condescending\u2019\nmessaging around this decision which seemed to fault the country\u2019s inability to\nmanage the health crisis as the reason for the ambassador\u2019s exit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, a slew of unverified reports are floating around\nsocial media circles this week, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/04\/20\/politics\/kim-jong-un-north-korea\/index.html\">news<\/a>\nof North Korean leader Kim Jong Un being in imminent danger of dying post a\nheart surgery. As with anything related to North Korea, it\u2019s extremely\ndifficult to ascertain the truth but the possibility of this development has\nleft Twitteratis abuzz. Earlier this fortnight, there were also reports of\nChina conducting another nuclear test at Lop Nur; however, they were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2020\/04\/22\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/time-arms-talks-china\/#.XqDY5MgzY2w\">proved\ninaccurate<\/a> in the absence of concrete proof. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, some researchers are still <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/business\/the-wall-street-journal\/coronavirus-all-evidence-point-to-wuhan-labs-as-source-of-infection\/news-story\/70d9aa9d5c18d348f4973bd1b15c535b\">debating<\/a>\nwhether the novel coronavirus came from a Wuhan lab or from nature- the jury is\napparently still out on this matter even though most countries officially believe\nthe latter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Significance for Australia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The past fortnight has catapulted Australia to the forefront\nof the debate on global leadership or the lack of it; Canberra realises that in\nthe vacuum created by narcissistic leaders in Beijing and Washington, it\u2019s up\nto middle powers to step up, join hands and prevent the disintegration of the\ninternational system into Hobbesian anarchy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Having managed to rein in Covid-19 at home quite\nsuccessfully thus far, Canberra has the advantage to look ahead and focus on\nthe next steps, including seeking to reform the WHO and demanding greater\ntransparency in its functioning. The seeming departure of the US from the multilateral\nsystem at the exact moment when China seems poised to overtake it, is bad news\nfrom Australia\u2019s perspective. As Michael Shoebridge notes, \u2018\u2026you have to be in\nit to win it;\u2026it is a very bad strategic policy by the United States to gift\nthem (China) the opportunity to have even more influence in UN agencies.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s now a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/politics\/federal\/bipartisan-call-for-who-to-accept-taiwan-as-a-member-20200414-p54jjc.html\">bipartisan\npush<\/a> within Australia to support Taiwan\u2019s membership at the WHO, something\nthat\u2019s likely to raise tensions with Beijing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The focus within Australia is to prepare for what comes\nafter the current crisis and prospects for the immediate future, going by\ncurrent trends, don\u2019t look too peaceful. Several analysts <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.org.au\/preparing-for-the-crisis-after-the-crisis\/\">see<\/a>\nTaiwan becoming a major flashpoint and Xi Jinping attempting to divert\nattention from his domestic problems by embarking on a nationalist adventure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Paul Dibb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.org.au\/covid-19-crisis-has-big-geopolitical-implications-for-australia\/\">writes<\/a>, it\u2019s time for Australia to pay greater attention to the South Pacific and to our neighbours in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, to help them navigate the pandemic lest China usurp that position. More importantly for Australia, we must heed Dibb\u2019s words when he says \u2018\u2026There will be much greater calls for self-reliance, but as the international community becomes more fractious and the liberal order recedes, we must not lurch into a new bout of introversion.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"Author label\"><strong>AUTHOR <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Aakriti Bachhawat<\/strong>&nbsp;is a Researcher with the Defence and Strategy team at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, and Research Assistant at the Griffith Asia Institute.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8211; Australia leads calls to review the WHO&#8217;s functioning<br \/>\n&#8211; Sino-US tensions escalate in the South China Sea<br \/>\n&#8211; India tightens crucial foreign investment policy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":4032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[245,246,247,1029,1055,1056,1057,1],"tags":[716,284,1093,934,344,518,689,449],"class_list":["post-7188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china-and-north-east-asia","category-india-and-south-asia","category-indonesia-and-southeast-asia","category-regional-wrap","category-economies-and-development","category-politics","category-security","category-uncategorized","tag-aakriti-bachhawat","tag-china","tag-covid19","tag-griffith-asia-institute","tag-indonesia","tag-malaysia","tag-regional-wrap","tag-world-health-organization"],"acf":[],"modified_by":null,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - 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