{"id":8679,"date":"2021-10-15T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T22:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/?p=8679"},"modified":"2023-08-08T08:24:27","modified_gmt":"2023-08-07T22:24:27","slug":"what-is-cop26-and-why-does-the-fate-of-earth-and-australias-prosperity-depend-on-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/what-is-cop26-and-why-does-the-fate-of-earth-and-australias-prosperity-depend-on-it\/","title":{"rendered":"What is COP26 and why does the fate of Earth, and Australia\u2019s prosperity, depend on it?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/tag\/wesley-morgan\/\">WESLEY MORGAN<\/a>  |  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In just over two weeks, more than 100 world leaders will gather in the Scottish industrial city of Glasgow for United Nations climate change negotiations known as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ukcop26.org\/\">COP26<\/a>. Their task, no less, is to decide the fate of our planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This characterisation may sound dramatic. After all, UN climate talks are held every year, and they\u2019re usually pretty staid affairs. But next month\u2019s COP26 summit is, without doubt, vitally important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement, each nation pledged to ramp up their emissions reduction pledges every five years. We\u2019ve reached that deadline \u2013 in fact, a one-year delay due to the COVID pandemic means six years have passed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This five-yearly requirement set a framework for countries to reach net-zero emissions across the global economy by mid-century. The Glasgow summit is the first real stress test of whether the world can meet that goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/426341\/original\/file-20211014-18-1eo8q6y.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Woman holds sign reading 'Make the Climate Great Again'\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">COP26 is a major test of the Paris Agreement framework.&nbsp;Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Global mega-trend toward a clean economy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Paris Agreement was the world\u2019s first truly global treaty to cut greenhouse gas emissions. It set a shared goal for countries to limit global warming to 1.5\u2103 above the long-term average.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The agreement has been signed and ratified by 191 of the world\u2019s 195 countries, giving it near-universal legitimacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the actual emissions-reduction commitments countries brought to Paris, known as \u201cNationally Determined Contributions\u201d, left the world heading toward&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2019\/11\/1052171\">3\u2103 of warming<\/a>&nbsp;this century. This outcome would be cataclysmic for ecosystems and human societies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s why, every five years, countries must bring progressively stronger pledges to reduce emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The years since the Paris summit have seen a dramatic shift towards climate action. Today, countries representing more than&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ca1-eci.edcdn.com\/reports\/ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf?mtime=20210323005817&amp;focal=none\">two-thirds<\/a>&nbsp;of the global economy have set a firm date for achieving net-zero emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More importantly many jurisdictions \u2013 including the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, Japan and Canada \u2013 have substantially strengthened their 2030 targets. This constitutes a powerful market signal, driving a global reallocation of private and public investment from fossil fuels toward clean energy solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/426342\/original\/file-20211014-25-stzwtn.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Man at desk looks at two TV screens\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The US and UK are among many nations to make strong climate pledges ahead of Glasgow.&nbsp;AAP\/Mick Tsikas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\u2019s at stake in Glasgow?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the world is moving fast, there remains a crucial gap between current pledges and the goals of the Paris Agreement. Glasgow is seen as the last chance to close that gap and keep the 1.5\u2103 goal within reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without stronger national commitments, we risk crossing irreversible \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatecouncil.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aim-high-go-fast-why-emissions-must-plummet-climate-council-report.pdf\">tipping points<\/a>\u201d in the Earth\u2019s climate system, locking in uncontrollable global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Australian government has inched toward announcing net-zero emissions by 2050. But such a commitment will not be seen as particularly helpful in Glasgow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In reality, such announcements are merely the summit\u2019s entry ticket. Discussions have moved on, to ensuring much deeper cuts this decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barring Australia, almost all advanced economies have set new 2030 targets to slash carbon pollution. By 2030 the UK, the summit\u2019s host nation,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2020\/dec\/03\/uk-vows-outdo-other-major-economies-emissions-cuts-by-2030\">plans<\/a>&nbsp;to cut emissions by 68% below 1990 levels. Meanwhile, the US&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2021\/04\/22\/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies\/\">will cut<\/a>&nbsp;emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The G7 countries have announced they will collectively&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-57461670\">halve<\/a>&nbsp;emissions by 2030. There are clear expectations Australia will follow suit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At present, Australia plans to take to Glasgow the same 2030 target it took to Paris six years ago \u2013 a 26-28% cut by 2030, from 2005 levels. Prime Minister Scott Morrison has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/federal\/government-mulls-2030-emissions-projection-rather-than-target-20211013-p58zhw\">hinted<\/a>&nbsp;he will take an upgraded 2030 projection (rather than target), but this ruse won\u2019t pass muster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Paris Agreement is about targets, and countries are&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/files\/meetings\/paris_nov_2015\/application\/pdf\/paris_agreement_english_.pdf\">required<\/a>&nbsp;to set new targets representing \u201chighest possible ambition\u201d. If projections suggest we will outperform our target, a new 2030 target is clearly needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Global diplomatic pressure is driving a sea change in Australia\u2019s climate politics. Just this month, the Business Council of Australia&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/politics\/federal\/business-council-calls-for-46-50-percent-emissions-reduction-by-2030-on-path-to-net-zero-20211008-p58yed.html\">backed cuts<\/a>&nbsp;to emissions by 46-50% by 2030. The Murdoch press has thrown&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailytelegraph.com.au\/technology\/environment\/mission-zero-putting-australia-on-a-path-to-a-net-zero-future\/news-story\/83f521bfd9d592ab6defdab7d3b81ce8\">its weight<\/a>&nbsp;behind net-zero emissions. Even many conservative Nationals MPs appear to have dropped opposition to a net-zero target.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is also dawning recognition within the Morrison government that the global energy transition is underway, and it will significantly boost Australia\u2019s economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/426343\/original\/file-20211014-23-oh0l1g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"wind farm at dusk\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Australia has huge potential to tap into the clean energy revolution.&nbsp;Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thriving in a net-zero world<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australia\u2019s economy is shaped by trends in the global marketplace. The international car market is switching rapidly to electric vehicles. And around the world, wind and solar energy are&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/solar-is-now-cheapest-electricity-in-history-confirms-iea\">now cheaper<\/a>&nbsp;than coal and gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our export markets are changing too. As growing economies in Asia meet their climate targets, they will no longer want to buy coal and gas. Instead they\u2019ll want renewable energy, delivered directly via undersea cable or stored as renewable hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Such nations will still want Australian iron ore. But increasingly, they will want \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/green-steel-is-hailed-as-the-next-big-thing-in-australian-industry-heres-what-the-hype-is-all-about-160282\">green steel<\/a>\u201d made using hydrogen instead of coking coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Global demand for batteries, electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies will drive Australian exports of critical minerals \u2013 including lithium, cobalt and rare earths. Globally, these minerals will be&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/markets\/commodities\/bonanza-for-australian-minerals-under-net-zero-imf-20211012-p58z4n\">worth<\/a>&nbsp;A$17.6 trillion over the next two decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the right policy settings, Australia could grow a clean export mix&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bze.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Beyond-Zero-Emissions-Export-Powerhouse-Summary-Report.pdf\">worth<\/a>&nbsp;A$333 billion annually, almost triple the value of existing fossil fuel exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Getting to net-zero&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailytelegraph.com.au\/technology\/environment\/australias-21-trillion-future-with-672000-jobs-and-net-zero-emissions\/news-story\/c1c943fc13ce526be2533d896f6ff9e8\">could also<\/a>&nbsp;create 672,000 jobs, and generate A$2.1 trillion in economic activity by mid-century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Commitments in Glasgow will spark a global race toward net-zero. But it is not a race we should be scared of. If we embrace the transition, Australia will prosper. It\u2019s time to get started \u2013 we have a world to win.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"author label wp-block-paragraph\">AUTHOR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dr Wesley Morgan<\/strong> is an Adjunct Research Fellow at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.griffith.edu.au\/asia-institute\">Griffith Asia Institute<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article first appeared at <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-is-cop26-and-why-does-the-fate-of-earth-and-australias-prosperity-depend-on-it-169648\">The Conversation<\/a>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WESLEY MORGAN | In just over two weeks, more than 100 world leaders will gather in the Scottish industrial city of Glasgow for United Nations climate change negotiations known as&nbsp;COP26. Their task, no less, is to decide the fate of our planet. This characterisation may sound dramatic. After all, UN climate talks are held every [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":8681,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[233,1758,1053,1561,1056,1057],"tags":[842,1563,1532,1277],"class_list":["post-8679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature-series","category-climate-environment","category-australia","category-road-to-cop26","category-politics","category-security","tag-climate-change","tag-climate-diplomacy","tag-cop26","tag-wesley-morgan"],"acf":[],"modified_by":null,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is COP26 and why does the fate of Earth, and Australia\u2019s prosperity, depend on it? 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For Australia, whose resilience and prosperity are intrinsically tied to those of its neighbours, preventing or minimising the impact of climate\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Green transition and development&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Green transition and development","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/category\/green-transition-and-development\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Griffith Asia Institute Policy Brief cover - South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol poses for a photo with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese as they meet on the sidelines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit in Madrid, 28 June 2022..","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/australia-rok-policy-brief-blog-banner.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/australia-rok-policy-brief-blog-banner.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/australia-rok-policy-brief-blog-banner.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/australia-rok-policy-brief-blog-banner.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"featured_image_thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/COP26-900x500-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8679\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}