{"id":8979,"date":"2022-03-07T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/?p=8979"},"modified":"2023-08-08T16:37:14","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T06:37:14","slug":"how-australia-can-be-a-catalyst-for-civil-military-cooperation-in-south-east-asia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/how-australia-can-be-a-catalyst-for-civil-military-cooperation-in-south-east-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"How Australia can be a catalyst for civil-military cooperation in Southeast Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/tag\/melissa-conley-tyler\/\">MELISSA CONLEY TYLER<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/tag\/chris-gardiner\">CHRIS GARDINER<\/a> AND <a href=\"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/asiainsights\/tag\/greta-nabbs-ke\">GRETA NABBS-KELLER<\/a>  |  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>With the prevalence and intensity of natural disasters on the rise across South East Asia, more effective civil-military responses are needed. An appropriate strategy abroad will require Australia to rethink its approach at home.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australia has an important role in promoting civil-military collaboration in Southeast Asia. In part this is a practical issue \u2014 in a time of disasters and crises, it is in Australia\u2019s interest to strengthen the region\u2019s whole-of-nation responses to humanitarian and security issues. But it goes beyond this. Australia can model effective civil-military engagement as a way of contributing to an open and stable region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Civil-military cooperation in disaster and crisis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enhanced civil-military integration and interoperability is a priority to meet complex emergencies, including disasters. Climate-induced disasters are forecast to increase in prevalence and magnitude, as will the need for emergency response. The climate change outlook for many parts of coastal Southeast Asia is dire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As humanitarian assistance and disaster relief requirements grow, there is a risk that responses will become over-militarised. Southeast Asian armed forces remain the first responders to natural disasters due to their C4 abilities (command, control, communications, and computers) and air and maritime strategic lift. If not guided and managed proactively, this could weaken civil society capabilities and distort the role of military institutions and priorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australia has a direct interest in working with Southeast Asian nations to support them in strengthening their capacity to manage crises that require integrated whole-of-government response. There are four key stakeholder groups responsible for crisis management \u2014 armed forces personnel, police and paramilitary personnel such as coastguard and aviation security, civilian government personnel at both national and subnational levels, and civil society actors such as NGOs, faith-based organisations, local community-based organisations, private citizens, and volunteers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interestingly, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief are areas where Southeast Asian governments are potentially open and inclusive of civil society actors, for example, Indonesia\u2019s large faith-based organisations such as Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama.&nbsp;Australia can work with its neighbours to ensure the right frameworks are in place to facilitate balanced civil-military engagement in responding to increasing humanitarian crises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Civil-military cooperation for good governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More broadly Australia has an interest in fundamental questions regarding the role of the military in governance, society, and social order, and the relationship of the military with citizens, communities, and nonmilitary institutions. There is marked variation across Southeast Asia, from Myanmar, which has no civilian oversight, to Indonesia and the Philippines, which have far greater civilian oversight of their security forces. Civil-military cooperation provides an opportunity for closer interaction, discussion, and debate on these issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rising authoritarianism is challenging governance in the region and causing increased civil unrest and instability. In Myanmar, last year\u2019s military coup has limited media freedoms and weakened civil society. In 2021,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/countries\/freedom-world\/scores\">Freedom House<\/a>&nbsp;ranked four Southeast Asian countries \u201cpartly free\u201d \u2014 Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore \u2014 and six countries \u201cnot free\u201d \u2014 &nbsp;Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Only one country, Timor-Leste, was \u201cfree.\u201d In light of these trends, it is important that civil society continues to be supported as a key part of promoting a stable and inclusive region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australia\u2019s interest is in shaping a region where a vibrant civil society supports good governance. The weakening of democratic governance, civil society, and human rights poses a challenge to Australian interests in preserving a secure and prosperous region that supports human freedoms and social and economic flourishing.&nbsp;While Australia has sometimes been cautious about emphasising liberal values of democracy and human rights in its foreign policy, Australia\u2019s strong civil-military collaboration and governance framework represents an avenue through which Australia can enhance and expand its engagement in Southeast Asia.&nbsp;The Australian Defence Force can model an appropriate culture of the military moving in and out of partnerships with civilians. Australian civil society organisations can develop strong partnerships with local civil society organisations to promote civilian oversight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>So, what should Australia do?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A recent report by the Asia-Pacific Development, Diplomacy &amp; Defence Dialogue sets out pathways for how Australia can act as a catalyst for Southeast Asian civil-military cooperation. First, strengthened coordination is required between Australia\u2019s various capacity-building programs under the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Department of Defence, and other agencies such as the Department of Home Affairs. Each do great work, but consultations with those involved suggest that, for a range of structural and practical reasons, they don\u2019t collaborate to a great degree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is not productive to have military, civilian government agencies, and civil society institutions disconnected from each other. Different institutions need to connect, understand, and influence each other\u2019s thinking and behaviour. Australia should develop a flagship civil-military-focused short course program designed for participants from military, security, civil society organisations and civilian agencies, promoting empowerment for all civil society representatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, Australia should implement a Regional Military\/Civil Society framework to manage humanitarian assistance and disaster relief across the region. Australia has played a significant role in this area and would be well-placed to work with partners to develop a regional framework of national, bilateral, and multilateral policies, operational guidelines, and capabilities.&nbsp;This program would include collaborative scenario development, simulations, and risk assessment, the identification of the whole-of-government operational requirements for capability development and deployments, and capacity-building partnerships for regional government, military, police, and civil society personnel in both policy development and integrated operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On issues like the appropriate role of the military, there will be a range of views between \u2014 and within \u2014 Australia and Southeast Asia. Programs like these can become a mechanism for discussions to occur, with Australia and Southeast Asian civil-military cooperation creating new opportunities for consensus-building.&nbsp;Through such programs, Australia can promote a model and culture for a defined role for regional militaries within their civil societies and be a positive force in shaping a region where effective and engaged civil society supports good governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AUTHORS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Melissa Conley Tyler FAIIA, Chris Gardiner and Griffith Asia Institute Adjunct Research Fellow, Dr Greta Nabbs-Keller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article first appeared at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalaffairs.org.au\/australianoutlook\/how-australia-can-be-a-catalyst-for-civil-military-cooperation-in-southeast-asia\/\">Australian Outlook<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MELISSA CONLEY TYLER, CHRIS GARDINER AND GRETA NABBS-KELLER | With the prevalence and intensity of natural disasters on the rise across South East Asia, more effective civil-military responses are needed. An appropriate strategy abroad will require Australia to rethink its approach at home. Australia has an important role in promoting civil-military collaboration in Southeast Asia. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":8980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[233,247,524,1057],"tags":[1815,1662,295,1507,1804,1661,1008],"class_list":["post-8979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature-series","category-indonesia-and-southeast-asia","category-public-diplomacy","category-security","tag-chris-gardiner","tag-civil-military-cooperation","tag-disaster-management","tag-greta-nabbs-keller","tag-melissa-conley-tyler","tag-military-aid","tag-south-east-asia"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Jill 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