{"id":1248,"date":"2019-08-08T09:28:17","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T23:28:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/?p=1248"},"modified":"2019-11-11T13:21:00","modified_gmt":"2019-11-11T03:21:00","slug":"the-enforcement-of-young-driver-behaviour-within-graduated-driver-licensing-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/2019\/08\/08\/the-enforcement-of-young-driver-behaviour-within-graduated-driver-licensing-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"The enforcement of young driver behaviour within graduated driver licensing systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By Lyndel Bates<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This brief is based on the\nfollowing paper:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bates, L., Rodwell, D. & Matthews, S. (2019) Young driver enforcement within graduated driver licensing systems: A scoping review<\/a>, Crime Prevention and Community Safety<\/em>, 21(2), 116-135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What problem does your research address? Why is this significant?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Young drivers engage in a range\nof risky behaviours which makes them the group of drivers with the highest\ncrash rates when compared with all other drivers (Elvik, 2010).\nGraduated driver licensing (GDL) systems reduce crash risk for this group as\nthey gradually expose new drivers to more risky driving situations. GDL\nsystems, while varying from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, generally comprise a\nlearner, intermediate (provisional) and open licensing phases (Bates et al., 2014; Bates, Filtness, & Watson, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, young drivers also\nappear not to comply with both general driving laws and those that are more\nspecific to their licence type (Bates, Rodwell, & Matthews, 2019; Masten, Chapman, Atkinson, &\nBrowning, 2014; Scott-Parker, Watson, King, & Hyde, 2012).\nTherefore, we need to explore how we can improve compliance with these laws.\nUsing enforcement may be one method of doing this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How did you conduct your research?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

We conducted a systematic scoping\nreview in order to identify relevant studies in order to address the question:\nHow can enforcement practices be used to influence the compliance of young\nnovice drivers within GDL programs? There were 6,599 records identified\ninitially through database searching. After duplicates were removed and\nnon-relevant papers excluded, there were 21 papers in the scoping review. These\npapers were examined in order to identify where the studies occurred, the\ndesign of the study, whether the study used a theoretical framework and the key\nfindings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are your major findings?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Most studies examining the\nenforcement of young driver behaviour occurred either in the United States of\nAmerica or Australia. The use of theory within these studies was limited with\nonly three theoretical perspectives considered (deterrence theory, procedural\njustice and third party policing). It appears that young drivers and parents\nperceive that police enforcement of young drivers is not as effective as it\ncould be. Research also suggests that parents have an important role in\nensuring novice drivers adhere to the road laws. There may be some difficulties\nassociated with parental enforcement given that parents are not always aware of\nGDL provisions. The use of P plates or decals on new drivers\u2019 cars to indicate\ntheir licence status was generally supported by the research as it was\nassociated with an increase in traffic citations and a decrease in crashes.\nThere is also a perception that P plates or decals facilitate enforcement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are the implications of your research for policy and practice?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Police officers face difficulties when enforcing GDL provision and the road rules for novice drivers. One possible method to overcome this issue is to encourage parents to take on more responsibility for enforcing the road rules. Another option is to use tools such as P plates or decals to facilitate police enforcement. Specific interventions to improve compliance and enforcement for young drivers need to be developed, trialled and evaluated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bates, L., Allen,\nS., Armstrong, K., Watson, B., King, M., & Davey, J. (2014). Graduated\ndriver licensing: An international review. Sultan\nQaboos University Medical Journal, 14<\/em>(4), 403-412. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bates, L., Filtness, A., & Watson, B. (2018). Driver Education\nand Licensing Programs. In D. Lord & S. Washington (Eds.), Safe Mobility: Background, Challenges and\nSolutions<\/em>. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bates, L., Rodwell, D., & Matthews, S. (2019). Young driver\nenforcement within graduated driver licensing systems: A scoping review. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 21<\/em>(2),\n116-135. doi:10.1057\/s41300-019-00061-x<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elvik, R. (2010). Why some road safety problems are more difficult\nto solve than others. Accident Analysis\n& Prevention, 42<\/em>, 1089-1096. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masten, S. V., Chapman, E., Atkinson, D., & Browning, K. (2014).\nNon-compliance with graduated driver licensing (GDL) requirements: Changes in\nGDL-related conviction rates over time among 16\u201317-year-old California drivers.\nAccident Analysis & Prevention, 72<\/em>,\n230-243. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2014.07.008<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scott-Parker, B., Watson, B., King, M., & Hyde, M. (2012).\nYoung, inexperienced and on the road: do novice drivers comply with road rules?\nTransportation Research Record<\/em>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Lyndel Bates This brief is based on the following paper: Bates, L., Rodwell, D. & Matthews, S. (2019) Young driver enforcement within graduated driver licensing systems: A scoping review, Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 21(2), 116-135. What problem does your research address? Why is this significant? Young drivers engage in a range of riskyContinue reading “The enforcement of young driver behaviour within graduated driver licensing systems”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":1549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,37],"tags":[32,31],"class_list":["post-1248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-briefs","category-road-policing","tag-driver-safety","tag-road-policing"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Keiran Hardy","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2019\/08\/road-policing.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paNLK1-k8","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1973,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/2019\/11\/04\/the-effect-of-psychosocial-factors-on-perceptions-of-driver-education-using-the-goals-for-driver-education-framework\/","url_meta":{"origin":1248,"position":0},"title":"The effect of psychosocial factors on perceptions of driver education","author":"Keiran Hardy","date":"November 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"By Lyndel Bates This brief is based on the following paper: Bates, L., Hawkins, A., Rodwell, D., Anderson, L., Watson, B., Filtness, A. & Larue, G. 2019, The effect of psychosocial factors on perceptions of driver education using the Goals for Driver Education framework, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "briefs"","block_context":{"text":"briefs","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/category\/briefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_770317015.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_770317015.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_770317015.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_770317015.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2191,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/2020\/01\/20\/young-drivers-deterrence-theory-and-punishment-avoidance-a-qualitative-exploration\/","url_meta":{"origin":1248,"position":1},"title":"Young drivers, deterrence theory and punishment avoidance: A qualitative exploration","author":"Keiran Hardy","date":"January 20, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"By Lyndel Bates and Levi Anderson This brief is based on the following paper: Bates, L. & Anderson, L. (online first) Young drivers, deterrence theory and punishment avoidance: A qualitative exploration, Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. What problem is your research designed to address? Why is it significant?\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "briefs"","block_context":{"text":"briefs","link":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/category\/briefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2020\/01\/crash-test-1620592_1280.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2020\/01\/crash-test-1620592_1280.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2020\/01\/crash-test-1620592_1280.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2020\/01\/crash-test-1620592_1280.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2020\/01\/crash-test-1620592_1280.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3224,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/2025\/08\/06\/1-2m-grant-for-griffith-criminology-institutes-ass-prof-lyndel-bates-for-safer-roads-project\/","url_meta":{"origin":1248,"position":2},"title":"$1.2m grant for Griffith Criminology Institute\u2019s Ass\/Prof Lyndel Bates for safer roads project","author":"Anna Hartley","date":"August 6, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Associate Professor Lyndel Bates from GCI has been awarded an ARC Future Fellowship. Associate Professor Lyndel Bates, from Griffith Criminology Institute, was awarded $1,286,884 for her project, 'Using an impaired driving context to enhance deterrence' through an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship. The project aims to investigate how impaired\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/Lyndel-hori.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/Lyndel-hori.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/Lyndel-hori.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3227,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/2025\/08\/06\/governments-and-police-are-tackling-weapons-in-public-but-theyre-ignoring-it-in-our-homes\/","url_meta":{"origin":1248,"position":3},"title":"Governments and police are tackling weapons in public \u2013 but they\u2019re ignoring it in our\u00a0homes","author":"Anna Hartley","date":"August 6, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"By Professor Janet Ransley About half of all serious weapons-related\u00a0violence\u00a0in Australia happens at home as part of domestic and family violence. The weapons most used in these incidents are kitchen\u00a0knives. Yet new laws around the country overwhelmingly focus on public knife offences: most states and territories have toughened rules on\u00a0carrying\u00a0knives\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/qps-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/qps-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/qps-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2025\/08\/qps-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1355,"url":"https:\/\/testblogs.griffith.edu.au\/gci-insights\/2019\/08\/30\/exploring-the-impact-of-retirement-on-police-officers-wellbeing\/","url_meta":{"origin":1248,"position":4},"title":"Exploring the impact of retirement on police officers’ wellbeing","author":"Keiran Hardy","date":"August 30, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"By Lyndel Bates, Elise Sargeant and Christine Carney* This brief is based on the following paper published by the authors: Carney, C., Bates, L. & Sargeant, E. 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